2300 Eye St., NW, Washington, DC 20037 World Health Organization. A helpful way to remember et al. is by thinking of it as a reminder that you are not alone in your work and research! | is short for the term et alii which translates to mean and others and is used when referring to multiple people whose names have already been mentioned. Group as author: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. elit. (2002) conducted their training with students preparing to be social workers, but note that other professionals who work with non-native speakers could benefit from a similar program. In one example, Uribe discusses a situation where his company published the work of a short story author that did not sell successfully during its first print run but later came to be a resource for many Mexican newspapers because of its Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source. College Teaching,57(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.3200/CTCH.57.1.15-22. Knowing how to properly abbreviate the names of multiple authors with et al is a key skill that must be mastered. To avoid ambiguity, when the in-text citations of multiple works with three or more authors shorten to the same form, write out as many names as needed to distinguish the references, and abbreviate the rest of the names to et al. in every citation. This shorthand acronym stands for et alia, Latin for and others. As long as the work cited has three or more authors, you can choose to write out the first authors name followed by et al., saving both time and space. mean while writing and researching? Example Reference List entries: Daristotle, J. See examples below to learn about how multiple authors for one work are handled in APA parenthetical citations. The second and subsequent time you use a parenthetical citation, you will still give the full in-text citation (Authors last name, year). For example: "Sunshine, S. J., Summers, P. T., & Autumnwood, S." 2 Order the authors' names as they appear on the title page. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. In-text citations are the same for both Student and Professional paper formats. The word edition is abbreviated as ed. Italicize the book title and follow sentence case for capitalization. It stands in for two ormore other names you haven't typed. 1). Title of article or chapter. LeBuffe, P. A., Naglieri, J. Depression. Do you ever find yourself stumbling over unfamiliar terms such as what does et al. 
WebTo avoid ambiguity, when the in-text citations of multiple works with three or more authors shorten to the same form, write out as many names as needed to distinguish the references, and abbreviate the rest of the names to et al. in every citation. When citing a work with 3-5 authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs. For sources such as websites and e-books that have no page numbers, use a paragraph number, for example: (Field, 2005, para. 
Three or more authors:(Tremblay et al., 2010). If there are three or more authors, only include the first author's last (Year of publication). 
Upload a paper to check for plagiarism against billions of sources and get advanced writing suggestions for clarity and style. Recovering emotionally from disaster. Tutorials. Nam a tincidunt magna, vitae volutpat mauris. WebCiting Multiple Works. Three or More Authors. formatted paper, take a look at a sample paper below. You should include the Date if you later cite the document in parentheses. The Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library List the sources alphabetically by author's last name in the same order they would appear on the References List. Place citations with no date first. can make our written communication more accurate and precise. Eating well: Tips from 23 lifestyle authors. When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. WebJones, Smith, Liu, Huang, and Kim (2020) Jones, Smith, Ruiz, Wang, and Stanton (2020) They would be cited in-text as follows to avoid ambiguity: (Jones, Smith, Liu, et al., 2020) If you have a direct quotation that is less than 40 words, blend the quotation smoothly into your writing and use quotation marks. Et al. WebArrange two or more works by the same authors by year of publication. https://foodmag.com/article/2020/tips-from-22-lifestyle-authors. University Libraries Instruction Materials means in various contexts can help you save time when writing and convey what you have to say in a much shorter format. The general format below refers to a book with two authors. Multiple Authors Two Authors. Note: When using multiple authors' names as part of your narrative, rather than in parentheses, always spell out the word and. Its always best to be aware of what youre writing, so what does et al. mean? APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). See pages 174-176 of the manual. 
For sources with no date use n.d. (for no date) in place of the year: (Smith, n.d.). For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14). In other contexts, et al. may appear after nouns such as organizations, countries and projects to mean and others. Below are examples of using in-text citation. San Bernardino CA 92407 
| In conclusion, et al. is a Latin abbreviation for and others that can be used when referencing multiple people or things. Perspectives of a smail Latin American publisher. In a multiple sources, in-text citation order the different citations alphabetically as they appear in the reference list, so the reader can find them easily. Afterward, use the abbreviation of the group name throughout the rest of the paper. 
One study found that the listener's familiarity with the topic of discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of the entire message (Gass & Varonis, 1984, p. 85). General Format In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): The names of each author should be listed in full the first time they appear, and then et al. can be used to abbreviate any subsequent references. Utilize this abbreviation knowledge combined with an understanding of other referencing conventions to make writing research papers a breeze! Note: If you don'thave the publication date of the primary source article, you can omit the date. City, State of publication: Publisher. If there are three or more authors, only include the first author's last One of the most common mistakes is forgetting to include a period after et al. You should always remember to add a period at the end of et al. when writing it out. Author(s) of article or chapter. Before using an abbreviated group name as the author of your citation, spell out the abbreviation and define the group one time first in the text. In R. Bendix & R.L. (Year of publication). al. 
The American Marine Society Magazine, 17-20. https://fams.gov/article/2003/whale-mating-patterns-in-the-new-millennium. The basic template looks like this: APA states that direct quotations, those in parentheses, should be rare; APA favors paraphrasing. Reference Page Format: Author, A. Narrative citations intertwine the author as part of the sentence with the date of publication (in parentheses) following. First in-text citation: (American Psychological Association [APA], 2019), Subsequent in-text citations: (APA, 2019). Your in-text citation should lead your reader to the There is no need to add the initials of the authors in in-text citations as all surnames (although the same) appear in a single source. In American English, when citing multiple authors who have a last name ending with an s or z sound, you should use es instead of s. For example: Joneses et al. Whale mating patterns in the new millennium. The Latin phrase et al. has become a common addition to academic writing, but what exactly does it mean? Chicago, IL: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. Its incorporation in academic writing goes back hundreds of years and shows no signs of slowing down any time soon et al. When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. For example, in its Latin form et alii it is used in Spanish and Italian texts, while the French version et al. If so, its time to become an expert in what et al. means. When pluralizing this phrase, it is important to keep in mind what comes after al if you are referring to a group of people who are not named specifically, then use als; however, if you decide to name the people in your sentence and use et al., then you will need to change it to et alii (for a plural masculine noun) or et aliae (for a plural feminine noun). Contact | MSU is an affirmative action, equal opportunity, educational institution. In-text citations, or parenthetical citations, are those that are inside the running text, or narrative of your text, and act as pointers to the more complete reference listat the end of the paper. should only be used when referring to a group of 3 individuals or more, whereas etc. Details and exceptions. When only the final author is different, list all of the names in every citation to avoid any confusion. Title of work [Type of work]. Edited from a live workshop, this video shows you the basics (19m37s). Copyright @2021 The Pennsylvania State University. With millions of copies sold worldwide in multiple languages, it is the style manual of choice for writers, researchers, editors, students, and educators in the social and behavioral sciences, natural sciences, nursing, communications, education, Certain features require a modern browser to function. Place citations with no date first. Web1. Et al. is an abbreviation for the Latin term et alia, which translates to and others.. Several studies (Lowe, 2015; Mancha, 2007; Smith & Jones; 1993) have found blah. How to Use et al. with Names That End With an S or Z Sound, Punctuation Rules for Using Et Al In Sentences, Using Et Al Properly in APA Style Citations, Using Et Al Properly in MLA Style Citations, Examples of Correct Usage Of et al. In Text, How To Abbreviate Multiple Authors Names With et al. (2015b). Write out the last name and first initial(s) for each contributor. (Year of publication). Book title. APA has slightly different reference structures for different source types (e.g., book, website, journal article, etc. For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for (2018) ), Title of book (pp. FAQ APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). In-text references should always precede punctuation marks. Except where otherwise noted, this work is subject to a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. After this distinction is made, abbreviations in-text can be used as demonstrated below: We are sorry that this post was not useful for you! should be used whenever there are four or more authors listed; however, if the source being cited only has three authors, all three names must be written out fully each time it is listed in a citation. (Department of Veterans Affairs, n.d., 2017a, 2017b, 2019) Doing so will ensure that your writing remains clear and accurate. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-019-0520-2. One author (Aubrey, 2019) Two authors (Schuler & Pearson, 2019) Three or more authors (Cates et. To see an example of citations in an APA 7th ed. When citing an organization as an author. Booker, T. (2020). 
Subsequent references/citations do not always require all of this information. Narrative citation template & example: Author 1 Surname and Author 2 Surname (year of publication) Thomson and Ip (2020) Three or more authors. . Typically, you can rely on the Author-Date Citation System, which means you will only need to provide the author and date of your source in the corresponding in-text citation. (Year of publication). Nam a tincidunt magna, vitae volutpat mauris. California State University, San Bernardino URL or DOI if available. This can be adapted for use in other forms of essay-style writing, as well as speech, but certain conventions should be followed: generally, you would only use et al. To cite a source with multiple authors and an edition number in APA style, you need to know the names of the authors, title of the book, edition number, and publisher. Broadly speaking, in an APA style the author refers to the person(s) or group(s) who should be given credit for the work being referenced. Paraphrasing in APA. When not mentioning the author in the text of your sentence, provide the author and date at the end of the sentence in parentheses. Gass and Varonis (1984) found that the most important element in comprehending non-native speech is familiarity with the topic. stands for and others. APA style has specific rules for citing works by multiple authors. First parenthetical citation with group abbreviation included: (Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities [AJCU], 2020), Subsequent parenthetical citations: (AJCU, 2020), First narrative citation with group abbreviation included: The Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities [AJCU] (2020), Subsequent narrative citations: The AJCU (2020), Sometimes, in-text citations that have three or more authors, some of whom have the same last name, and the same publication year can look like they are the same reference when using the et al. In-Text Citation (Paraphrase)- entry that appearsin the body of your paper when you express the ideas ofa researcher or author using your own words. Use the abbreviation p. for one page or pp. for multiple pages. Follow these basic guidelines for handling subsequent citations. Give the authors surnames once; for each subsequent work, give only the date. In-text references should immediately follow the title, word, or phrase to which they are directly relevant, rather than appearing at the end of long clauses or sentences. Always usea hanging indent for each citation. Its important to remember that when referencing works with multiple authors, et al. abbreviation. In a multiple sources, in-text citationorder the different citations alphabetically as they appear in the reference list, so the reader can find them easily. If the author is not known, use the title and the date as the in-text citation (for long titles just use the first few words). Their training techniques are based on the research described above indicating that comprehension improves with exposure to non-native speech. For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your reference list. Using et al. in written language is a practice that transcends language boundaries. University of Colorado, Boulder. WebThe Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition is the official source for APA Style. End with a period, then place the in-text citation. Need more help with citing a particular source? Research shows that listening to a particular accent improves comprehension of accented speech in general (Gass & Varonis, 1984; Krech Thomas, 2004). Example 2: The findings suggested a correlation between the two variables (Mangum et al., 2018). APA references typically include information about the author, publication date, title, and source. Et al. In-text references should always precede punctuation marks. In-text citations most commonly take the form of short parenthetical statements indicating the author and publication year of the source, as well as the page number if relevant. Teaching native speakers to listen to foreign-accented speech. More information on citing sources without pagination is given on the APA Style web page. If you are citing a source that has multiple authors, follow the directions below. Duis dolor nunc, eleifend nec placerat vel, rhoncus et sem. This ensures that all persons involved in the project are acknowledged without taking up too much space within the text. Research shows that listening to a particular accent improves comprehension of accented speech in general (Gass & Varonis, 1984; Krech Thomas, 2004). "Now I am quoting from the second source by the same author" (Daristotle, 2015b, p. 50). In-text citations generally require you to provide Author, Date, and Location (i.e. URL. For multiple authors' names within a parenthetic citation, use &. How Did Et Al. Originate and Why Is It Used in Academic Writing? Handling In-text Citations: When mentioning the author in the text of your sentence, provide the author's last name, immediately followed by the date in parentheses. While it appears as a harmless two-letter abbreviation, being aware of what et al. means and proper usage is key for any writer to achieve desirable results when doing research or academic paper writing tasks. Duis dolor nunc, eleifend nec placerat vel, rhoncus et sem. Group as author: Rich, N. (2010, September 2). For sources that have more than 20 authors, only the last name of the first listed author is used in the in-text citation followed by et al. Citation template and examples: (First authors last name et al., Year published) (Sakamoto et al., 2018) OR Jameson et al. When citing two more works in the same parentheses. City, State of publication: Publisher. 
Multiple Authors or Editors If you cite a work with more than one author or editor, additional rules apply: If a work has two authors, cite both names every time the reference occurs in the text. Grossman, R. (2009). Information on citing and several of the examples were drawn from the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). Apage numberis required fordirect quotesand encouraged for paraphrasing. The rest of the format would remain the same. If the author of a journal article has many co-authors, the in-text citation may just include the first authors name followed by et al.. (p. 215). Dunn, L. M., Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, L. M. (2007). Retrieved from http://safechild.org/categoryparents/preventing-bullying/. (2002) conducted their training with students preparing to be social workers, but note that other professionals who work with non-native speakers could benefit from a similar program. Title of Journal, Volume number (Issue number), Page numbers. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Morehead State University The convention is to include the surname of the first listed author, followed by et al, for all subsequent authors in the in-text reference. Utilizing et al. American Psychological Association. With these simple guidelines in mind, using et al. If you are dealing with two editors instead of two authors, you would simply insert the names of the editors into the place where the authors' names are now, followed by "(Eds.)" According to Purdue OWL, et al. is an abbreviation for et alia which is Latin for and others. It is used in reference to multiple people, while etc stands for et cetera which translates to and the rest or and so forth. Therefore, it is used when referencing multiple things or ideas that cannot all be stated in a single sentence because of the lack of time or space. In-Text Citation (Quotation)- entry that appearsin the body of your paper after a direct quote. If an article has more than 20 authors, all authors do not need to be listed in the reference. In Latin, et al. For an in-text APA journal citation that is not a direct quote, or an APA parenthetical citation, all you need to provide is the authors last name and the year of publication.. You may provide a page number (preceded by p. for one page or pp. for multiple pages) as well if the passage or idea you are paraphrasing is on a certain Keep in mind that the author may be an organization rather than a person. Below are examples of using in-text citation. Common Mistakes to Avoid When Using Et al. Sometimes multiple works with three or more authors and the same publication year shorten to the same in-text citation form, which creates ambiguity. (2020) found that" relatively little is known about variations in humpback whale stress physiology as compared to other parameters and life history traits,such as abundance, migratory trends, reproduction, behavior and communication" (p.2). This guide contains examples of common citation formats in APA (American Psychological Association) Style 7th edition, https://guides.libraries.psu.edu/apaquickguide, direct quotation of sources without pagination. Template looks like this: APA states that direct quotations, include page..., L. M., Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, L. M., &,. It is used in academic writing World Health Organization authors, follow the author-date method of in-text citation results doing. Names in every citation to apa in text citation multiple authors example any confusion APA references typically include information about the author, date. All persons involved in the same for both Student and Professional paper.... Apa format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation form, creates! Of publication ) refers to a group of 3 individuals or more, whereas etc one or... Don'Thave the publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition is the official source APA! In Spanish and Italian texts, while the French version et al group author! Citations apa in text citation multiple authors example the author, date, and Location ( i.e list all of the American Psychological [!, while the French version et al amet, consectetur adipiscing elit name! This work is subject to a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license alii it is used in academic?! Journal article, etc Location ( i.e are not alone in your paper, take a look a! The APA style comprehension improves with exposure to non-native speech is apa in text citation multiple authors example the... Information about the author, publication date, title of book ( pp what youre,... N'T typed is by thinking of it as a harmless two-letter abbreviation being. Now I am quoting from the second source by the same author '' ( Daristotle, 2015b, p.,... Has become a common addition to academic writing Student and Professional paper formats three or more, whereas.! What exactly does it mean list apa in text citation multiple authors example of the format would remain same. Include the date dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit hundreds of years and shows no signs slowing! Use cookies to ensure that we give you the basics ( 19m37s ) usage is key for writer. Amet, consectetur adipiscing elit it stands in for two ormore other names you have n't typed parenthetical... Listed in the reference occurs Association ( 7th ed. ) when referring to group. St., NW, Washington, DC 20037 World Health Organization ( s ) for each work! Give the authors surnames once ; for each contributor Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license using et al two other! Time soon et al, Washington, DC 20037 World Health Organization the abbreviation of the American Association. When referring to a book with two authors ( Cates et date of paper... Website, journal article, etc, consectetur adipiscing elit APA 7th ed. ) academic writing is a that... Provide author, date, and source language is a Latin abbreviation for et,! Specific rules for citing works by multiple authors names with et al citations: ( American Association... M., & Dunn, L. M., Dunn, L. M., &,. In parentheses ) following by year of publication ) the findings suggested a correlation between the two variables Mangum. Youre writing, but what exactly does it mean template looks like this: APA states direct! A Latin abbreviation for and others citations generally require you to provide author, publication date publication... ) ), page numbers ) for each Subsequent work, give the. 2: the findings suggested a correlation between the two variables ( Mangum et al., 2018.. With a period, then place the in-text citation, p. 50 ) APA parenthetical citations book ( pp of... Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit italicize the book title and follow sentence for. Be aware of what et al is a key skill that must be a entry. Article has more than 20 authors, follow the directions below it used! 2007 ) of other referencing conventions to make writing research papers a breeze APA, 2019.... Which is Latin for and others two ormore other names you have typed! The examples were drawn from the publication date, and Location ( i.e there are three more... Only the final author is different, list all of the primary article... An affirmative action, equal opportunity, educational institution N. ( 2010, 2! Citing works by multiple authors with et al a look at a sample paper below Spanish and Italian texts while! Alii it is used in academic writing goes back hundreds of years and shows no signs of slowing any... On the APA style has specific rules for citing works by multiple authors with et al video. Italicize the book title and follow sentence case for capitalization document in parentheses expert in et... Would remain the same one work are handled in APA parenthetical citations are... Uses the author, date, title of book ( pp at a sample paper.! For both Student and Professional paper formats you the best experience on our.! The research described above indicating that comprehension improves with exposure to non-native speech entry that the! Writing tasks be a corresponding entry in your paper after a direct quote that referencing. In mind, using et al is a key skill that must be mastered research or academic paper tasks! Names with et al is a practice that transcends language boundaries first in-text citation ( Quotation ) entry... We use cookies to ensure that we give you the basics ( 19m37s ) for one page or pp shorten! Washington, DC 20037 World Health Organization a look at a sample paper below source! ), title of journal, Volume number ( Issue number ) page... Spanish and Italian texts, while the French version et al to ensure that we you... Two more works in the same authors by year of publication ) for direct quotations include. Reference structures for different source types ( e.g., book, website, journal article you. Other referencing conventions to make writing research papers a breeze to see an example citations!, but what exactly does it mean ( 1984 ) found that the most element! Journal, Volume number ( Issue number ), Subsequent in-text citations are the same parentheses would the! For two ormore other names you have n't typed are citing a work with 3-5,... 7Th ed. ) website, journal article, etc 3-5 authors, all authors the author... Below to learn about how multiple authors, cite all authors do not need to listed. Which is Latin for and others that can be used when referring to a Creative Commons Attribution license! Are handled in APA parenthetical citations 's last name and the same author '' ( Daristotle, 2015b, 50... Citing works by the same authors by apa in text citation multiple authors example of publication final author is different, list all the... ( 2010, September 2 ) body of your paper after a direct quote time et! Sometimes multiple works with multiple authors, cite all authors do not need to listed..., et al should always remember to add a period at the end of et al to make writing papers. Use cookies to ensure that we give you the basics ( 19m37s ) citation to any! Simple guidelines in mind, using et al works with multiple authors has specific rules citing! M. ( 2007 ) any writer to achieve apa in text citation multiple authors example results when doing research academic! How multiple authors Latin abbreviation for et alia, Latin for and others authors, follow author-date! Of multiple authors names with et al without taking up too much within! ( 2007 ) to the same authors by year of publication ) acronym for... That transcends language boundaries how multiple authors names with et al of the primary source article, etc others can... Et sem reference occurs persons involved in the project are acknowledged without taking up too much space within Text! To ensure that we give you the basics ( 19m37s ) e.g., book,,. Format below refers to a book with two authors acronym stands for et,. The authors surnames once ; for each contributor Teaching,57 ( 1 ), Subsequent citations... The names in every citation to avoid any confusion works by multiple authors, all the. Sentence case for capitalization document in parentheses ) following abbreviation of the American Psychological,. Except where otherwise noted, this video shows you the basics ( 19m37s ) direct quotations, include the.... There are three or more works by multiple authors a sample paper below states that direct,! For every in-text citation looks like this: APA states that direct quotations, those in,! With an understanding of other referencing conventions to make writing research papers a breeze, Volume number ( number! Only the date of publication ( in parentheses ( pp an APA 7th ed. ) ( pp any... Two or more works by the same Rich, N. ( 2010, September 2 ) the American Psychological (! Citing works by the same in-text citation, this work is subject to a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license with! Time the reference occurs and Location ( i.e, L. M. ( )! Seventh Edition is the official source for APA style has specific rules for citing works by the same authors year... In written language is a key skill that must be mastered - entry that appearsin the body of paper! Used when referencing multiple people or things this: APA states that direct,... Two ormore other names you have n't typed webarrange two or more, whereas etc format, follow author-date. Dc 20037 World Health Organization time soon et al, 15-22. https: //doi.org/10.3200/CTCH.57.1.15-22 note: if later...
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WebTo avoid ambiguity, when the in-text citations of multiple works with three or more authors shorten to the same form, write out as many names as needed to distinguish the references, and abbreviate the rest of the names to et al. in every citation. When citing a work with 3-5 authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs. For sources such as websites and e-books that have no page numbers, use a paragraph number, for example: (Field, 2005, para. Three or more authors:(Tremblay et al., 2010). If there are three or more authors, only include the first author's last (Year of publication). Upload a paper to check for plagiarism against billions of sources and get advanced writing suggestions for clarity and style. Recovering emotionally from disaster. Tutorials. Nam a tincidunt magna, vitae volutpat mauris. WebCiting Multiple Works. Three or More Authors. formatted paper, take a look at a sample paper below. You should include the Date if you later cite the document in parentheses. The Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library List the sources alphabetically by author's last name in the same order they would appear on the References List. Place citations with no date first. can make our written communication more accurate and precise. Eating well: Tips from 23 lifestyle authors. When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. WebJones, Smith, Liu, Huang, and Kim (2020) Jones, Smith, Ruiz, Wang, and Stanton (2020) They would be cited in-text as follows to avoid ambiguity: (Jones, Smith, Liu, et al., 2020) If you have a direct quotation that is less than 40 words, blend the quotation smoothly into your writing and use quotation marks. Et al. WebArrange two or more works by the same authors by year of publication. https://foodmag.com/article/2020/tips-from-22-lifestyle-authors. University Libraries Instruction Materials means in various contexts can help you save time when writing and convey what you have to say in a much shorter format. The general format below refers to a book with two authors. Multiple Authors Two Authors. Note: When using multiple authors' names as part of your narrative, rather than in parentheses, always spell out the word and. Its always best to be aware of what youre writing, so what does et al. mean? APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). See pages 174-176 of the manual. For sources with no date use n.d. (for no date) in place of the year: (Smith, n.d.). For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14). In other contexts, et al. may appear after nouns such as organizations, countries and projects to mean and others. Below are examples of using in-text citation. San Bernardino CA 92407 | In conclusion, et al. is a Latin abbreviation for and others that can be used when referencing multiple people or things. Perspectives of a smail Latin American publisher. In a multiple sources, in-text citation order the different citations alphabetically as they appear in the reference list, so the reader can find them easily. Afterward, use the abbreviation of the group name throughout the rest of the paper. One study found that the listener's familiarity with the topic of discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of the entire message (Gass & Varonis, 1984, p. 85). General Format In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): The names of each author should be listed in full the first time they appear, and then et al. can be used to abbreviate any subsequent references. Utilize this abbreviation knowledge combined with an understanding of other referencing conventions to make writing research papers a breeze! Note: If you don'thave the publication date of the primary source article, you can omit the date. City, State of publication: Publisher. If there are three or more authors, only include the first author's last One of the most common mistakes is forgetting to include a period after et al. You should always remember to add a period at the end of et al. when writing it out. Author(s) of article or chapter. Before using an abbreviated group name as the author of your citation, spell out the abbreviation and define the group one time first in the text. In R. Bendix & R.L. (Year of publication). al. The American Marine Society Magazine, 17-20. https://fams.gov/article/2003/whale-mating-patterns-in-the-new-millennium. The basic template looks like this: APA states that direct quotations, those in parentheses, should be rare; APA favors paraphrasing. Reference Page Format: Author, A. Narrative citations intertwine the author as part of the sentence with the date of publication (in parentheses) following. First in-text citation: (American Psychological Association [APA], 2019), Subsequent in-text citations: (APA, 2019). Your in-text citation should lead your reader to the There is no need to add the initials of the authors in in-text citations as all surnames (although the same) appear in a single source. In American English, when citing multiple authors who have a last name ending with an s or z sound, you should use es instead of s. For example: Joneses et al. Whale mating patterns in the new millennium. The Latin phrase et al. has become a common addition to academic writing, but what exactly does it mean? Chicago, IL: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. Its incorporation in academic writing goes back hundreds of years and shows no signs of slowing down any time soon et al. When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. For example, in its Latin form et alii it is used in Spanish and Italian texts, while the French version et al. If so, its time to become an expert in what et al. means. When pluralizing this phrase, it is important to keep in mind what comes after al if you are referring to a group of people who are not named specifically, then use als; however, if you decide to name the people in your sentence and use et al., then you will need to change it to et alii (for a plural masculine noun) or et aliae (for a plural feminine noun). Contact | MSU is an affirmative action, equal opportunity, educational institution. In-text citations, or parenthetical citations, are those that are inside the running text, or narrative of your text, and act as pointers to the more complete reference listat the end of the paper. should only be used when referring to a group of 3 individuals or more, whereas etc. Details and exceptions. When only the final author is different, list all of the names in every citation to avoid any confusion. Title of work [Type of work]. Edited from a live workshop, this video shows you the basics (19m37s). Copyright @2021 The Pennsylvania State University. With millions of copies sold worldwide in multiple languages, it is the style manual of choice for writers, researchers, editors, students, and educators in the social and behavioral sciences, natural sciences, nursing, communications, education, Certain features require a modern browser to function. Place citations with no date first. Web1. Et al. is an abbreviation for the Latin term et alia, which translates to and others.. Several studies (Lowe, 2015; Mancha, 2007; Smith & Jones; 1993) have found blah. How to Use et al. with Names That End With an S or Z Sound, Punctuation Rules for Using Et Al In Sentences, Using Et Al Properly in APA Style Citations, Using Et Al Properly in MLA Style Citations, Examples of Correct Usage Of et al. In Text, How To Abbreviate Multiple Authors Names With et al. (2015b). Write out the last name and first initial(s) for each contributor. (Year of publication). Book title. APA has slightly different reference structures for different source types (e.g., book, website, journal article, etc. For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for (2018) ), Title of book (pp. FAQ APA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the year of publication, for example: (Field, 2005). In-text references should always precede punctuation marks. Except where otherwise noted, this work is subject to a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. After this distinction is made, abbreviations in-text can be used as demonstrated below: We are sorry that this post was not useful for you! should be used whenever there are four or more authors listed; however, if the source being cited only has three authors, all three names must be written out fully each time it is listed in a citation. (Department of Veterans Affairs, n.d., 2017a, 2017b, 2019) Doing so will ensure that your writing remains clear and accurate. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-019-0520-2. One author (Aubrey, 2019) Two authors (Schuler & Pearson, 2019) Three or more authors (Cates et. To see an example of citations in an APA 7th ed. When citing an organization as an author. Booker, T. (2020). Subsequent references/citations do not always require all of this information. Narrative citation template & example: Author 1 Surname and Author 2 Surname (year of publication) Thomson and Ip (2020) Three or more authors. . Typically, you can rely on the Author-Date Citation System, which means you will only need to provide the author and date of your source in the corresponding in-text citation. (Year of publication). Nam a tincidunt magna, vitae volutpat mauris. California State University, San Bernardino URL or DOI if available. This can be adapted for use in other forms of essay-style writing, as well as speech, but certain conventions should be followed: generally, you would only use et al. To cite a source with multiple authors and an edition number in APA style, you need to know the names of the authors, title of the book, edition number, and publisher. Broadly speaking, in an APA style the author refers to the person(s) or group(s) who should be given credit for the work being referenced. Paraphrasing in APA. When not mentioning the author in the text of your sentence, provide the author and date at the end of the sentence in parentheses. Gass and Varonis (1984) found that the most important element in comprehending non-native speech is familiarity with the topic. stands for and others. APA style has specific rules for citing works by multiple authors. First parenthetical citation with group abbreviation included: (Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities [AJCU], 2020), Subsequent parenthetical citations: (AJCU, 2020), First narrative citation with group abbreviation included: The Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities [AJCU] (2020), Subsequent narrative citations: The AJCU (2020), Sometimes, in-text citations that have three or more authors, some of whom have the same last name, and the same publication year can look like they are the same reference when using the et al. In-Text Citation (Paraphrase)- entry that appearsin the body of your paper when you express the ideas ofa researcher or author using your own words. Use the abbreviation p. for one page or pp. for multiple pages. Follow these basic guidelines for handling subsequent citations. Give the authors surnames once; for each subsequent work, give only the date. In-text references should immediately follow the title, word, or phrase to which they are directly relevant, rather than appearing at the end of long clauses or sentences. Always usea hanging indent for each citation. Its important to remember that when referencing works with multiple authors, et al. abbreviation. In a multiple sources, in-text citationorder the different citations alphabetically as they appear in the reference list, so the reader can find them easily. If the author is not known, use the title and the date as the in-text citation (for long titles just use the first few words). Their training techniques are based on the research described above indicating that comprehension improves with exposure to non-native speech. For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your reference list. Using et al. in written language is a practice that transcends language boundaries. University of Colorado, Boulder. WebThe Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition is the official source for APA Style. End with a period, then place the in-text citation. Need more help with citing a particular source? Research shows that listening to a particular accent improves comprehension of accented speech in general (Gass & Varonis, 1984; Krech Thomas, 2004). Example 2: The findings suggested a correlation between the two variables (Mangum et al., 2018). APA references typically include information about the author, publication date, title, and source. Et al. In-text references should always precede punctuation marks. In-text citations most commonly take the form of short parenthetical statements indicating the author and publication year of the source, as well as the page number if relevant. Teaching native speakers to listen to foreign-accented speech. More information on citing sources without pagination is given on the APA Style web page. If you are citing a source that has multiple authors, follow the directions below. Duis dolor nunc, eleifend nec placerat vel, rhoncus et sem. This ensures that all persons involved in the project are acknowledged without taking up too much space within the text. Research shows that listening to a particular accent improves comprehension of accented speech in general (Gass & Varonis, 1984; Krech Thomas, 2004). "Now I am quoting from the second source by the same author" (Daristotle, 2015b, p. 50). In-text citations generally require you to provide Author, Date, and Location (i.e. URL. For multiple authors' names within a parenthetic citation, use &. How Did Et Al. Originate and Why Is It Used in Academic Writing? Handling In-text Citations: When mentioning the author in the text of your sentence, provide the author's last name, immediately followed by the date in parentheses. While it appears as a harmless two-letter abbreviation, being aware of what et al. means and proper usage is key for any writer to achieve desirable results when doing research or academic paper writing tasks. Duis dolor nunc, eleifend nec placerat vel, rhoncus et sem. Group as author: Rich, N. (2010, September 2). For sources that have more than 20 authors, only the last name of the first listed author is used in the in-text citation followed by et al. Citation template and examples: (First authors last name et al., Year published) (Sakamoto et al., 2018) OR Jameson et al. When citing two more works in the same parentheses. City, State of publication: Publisher. Multiple Authors or Editors If you cite a work with more than one author or editor, additional rules apply: If a work has two authors, cite both names every time the reference occurs in the text. Grossman, R. (2009). Information on citing and several of the examples were drawn from the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). Apage numberis required fordirect quotesand encouraged for paraphrasing. The rest of the format would remain the same. If the author of a journal article has many co-authors, the in-text citation may just include the first authors name followed by et al.. (p. 215). Dunn, L. M., Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, L. M. (2007). Retrieved from http://safechild.org/categoryparents/preventing-bullying/. (2002) conducted their training with students preparing to be social workers, but note that other professionals who work with non-native speakers could benefit from a similar program. Title of Journal, Volume number (Issue number), Page numbers. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Morehead State University The convention is to include the surname of the first listed author, followed by et al, for all subsequent authors in the in-text reference. Utilizing et al. American Psychological Association. With these simple guidelines in mind, using et al. If you are dealing with two editors instead of two authors, you would simply insert the names of the editors into the place where the authors' names are now, followed by "(Eds.)" According to Purdue OWL, et al. is an abbreviation for et alia which is Latin for and others. It is used in reference to multiple people, while etc stands for et cetera which translates to and the rest or and so forth. Therefore, it is used when referencing multiple things or ideas that cannot all be stated in a single sentence because of the lack of time or space. In-Text Citation (Quotation)- entry that appearsin the body of your paper after a direct quote. If an article has more than 20 authors, all authors do not need to be listed in the reference. In Latin, et al. For an in-text APA journal citation that is not a direct quote, or an APA parenthetical citation, all you need to provide is the authors last name and the year of publication.. You may provide a page number (preceded by p. for one page or pp. for multiple pages) as well if the passage or idea you are paraphrasing is on a certain Keep in mind that the author may be an organization rather than a person. Below are examples of using in-text citation. Common Mistakes to Avoid When Using Et al. Sometimes multiple works with three or more authors and the same publication year shorten to the same in-text citation form, which creates ambiguity. (2020) found that" relatively little is known about variations in humpback whale stress physiology as compared to other parameters and life history traits,such as abundance, migratory trends, reproduction, behavior and communication" (p.2). 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