GO functional annotation was performed for the DEGs identified during the four comparisons with the 85 DAF sample (Supplemental Fig. The circular pool filled with 23 25C opaque water, was divided into four quadrants, and the escape platform (12 cm in diameter) was put in the third quadrant. 301:125286. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125286, Longo, F. M., and Massa, S. M. (2013). The heat map is displayed according to log10 [fragments per kilobase per million (FPKM) + 1] values. Biochem. The relative gene expression levels were normalized to the internal control Actin (Wang et al., 2018) using the 2T method (Livak and Schmittgen, 2001). HE staining of the slice from heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and lung of aging mice with oil treatment or not. (2018). Specifically, four mixed peptides were separated in the Xbridge BEH300 C18 column (Waters Milford, MA, United States) by HPLC (UltiMate 3000 UHPLC; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, United States). Enter an SRA accession (experiment, study, or submission), title, the scientific name or tax id. The lysates were centrifuged at 12,000 g, 4C for 30 min followed by collected the supernatant. A., Hye, A., An, Y., Pletnikova, O., OBrien, R., et al. Total RNAs were extracted as described previously. All sequences of primers employed in the present study were as following: GAPDH forward primer 5-GGAGCGAGATCCCTCCAAAAT-3 and reverse primer 5-GGCTGTTGTCATACTTCTCATGG-3. However, the research related to aging is still a small field relative to the age-related diseases (Partridge et al., 2020). & Guy, R.D. Changes in fatty composition during Acer truncatum seed development. doi: 10.4161/cc.10.24.18486, PubMed Abstract | CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar, Asanuma, M., Nishibayashi, S., Iwata, E., Kondo, Y., Nakanishi, T., Vargas, M. G., et al. The relative expression levels of genes were normalized with the internal reference gene Actin (Wang et al., 2018). in this study, the electron microscopy images of oil bodies were Figure 6. A phylogenetic analysis was performed using the maximum likelihood method with MEGA 5.2 (Tamura et al., 2011). A total of 28,438 genes were identified. Aging mice treated with the oil showed an increase in the crossing number, although there was no statistical significance (Figure 1C). & Martnez-Rivas, J.M. 2019 Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data from tree peony (P. ostii) seeds reveals key developmental stages and candidate genes related to oil biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism Hort. (2011). Webtop grade health cooking oil bulk Perilla seed Extract refind Perilla Seed Oil. Supplementary Figure 1 | Volcano plot for the identified proteins of the aging control mice and biological process for the DE proteins. Cardiol. The 18 cDNA libraries were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq X10 (Illumina, San Diego, CA) and 150-bp paired-end reads were generated. B. S., and Sharma, B. Rev. Cycle. & Yu, L. 2017 Physicochemical properties of Acer truncatum seed oil extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide J. Amer. More importantly, some DEGs were associated with FA metabolism, including UFA biosynthesis, suberin and wax biosynthesis, FA biosynthesis, FA degradation, and FA elongation (34, 42, 44, 42, and 45 DEGs, respectively). Chromosome-specific accumulation of aneuploidy in the aging mouse brain. 79, 205221. In conclusion, we discovered that acer truncatum seed oil improved cognitive deficits of aging mice by multiple pathways containing inflammation, synapse, BDNF/TrkB signaling, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Based on the qRT-PCR and RNA-seq analyses, FAD2/6 were highly expressed and FAD3/7/8 showed low expression. There are many natural products which are found to delay aging and benefit cognition. Ageing Res. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1365-2, Chai, G. S., Jiang, X., Ni, Z. F., Ma, Z. W., Xie, A. J., Cheng, X. S., et al. Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD(+) in healthy middle-aged and older adults. IL-1 forward primer 5- GCACTACAGGCTCCGAGATGAA-3 and reverse primer 5-GTCGTTGCTTGGTTCTCCTTGT-3. Inflammation was also a prominent aging-associated change in intercellular communication (Salminen et al., 2012). The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway regulates the replicative senescence of human VSMCs. Figure 3. ), oxidative stress (Caveolin-1 and Nqo1), inflammation (Kng1, STAT1, Plg, and Vtdb, etc. iProX: an integrated proteome resource. Acer technical support center in Richmond, Virginia. The labeled peptides were fractionated according to a previously described method (Wang et al., 2019). The analysis of proteomic results was carried out by multiple approaches. Chem. XH analyzed the data and performed the statistics. The top six TF families in terms of sequence abundance were bHLH (59), HB (51), MYB-related (48), NAC (39), bZIP (32), and B3 (30) domain proteins. 2016 Characterization of the fatty acid desaturase genes in cucumber: structure, phylogeny, and expression patterns PLoS ONE 11 e0149917 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149917, Fan, J., Yan, C., Zhang, X. 38, 539548. Start Over. Received: 14 March 2021; Accepted: 22 April 2021;Published: 14 May 2021. WebThe manuscript ''Effectively improvement of the oxidative stability of Acer truncatum Bunge seed oil, a new woody oil food resource by rosemary extract'' investigated the effects of rosemary extract on the oxidation stability of the Acer truncatum seed oil. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference. Food Res. Although acer truncatum seed oil administration induced only 11 DE proteins in the hippocampus of the young mice, we found that the oil treatment induced 61 DE proteins in the hippocampus of aging mice (Supplementary Table 2). It has been developed as an industrial crop from its traditional use as a substitute for tea. IL-4 forward primer 5- GGTCTCAACCCCCAGCTAGT-3 and reverse primer 5- GCCGATGATCTCTCTCAAGTGAT-3. The compound biosynthetic process and primary metabolic biosynthetic process categories were enriched in the 100 vs. 85 DAF and 115 vs. 85 DAF comparisons, including the terms nitrogen compound metabolic process, regulation of cellular metabolic process, regulation of primary metabolism, and RNA biosynthetic process, indicating that crude fat and various FAs were rapidly being synthesized (as shown in Fig. Phytomedicine 84:153509. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153509, Guo, W., Pang, K., Chen, Y., Wang, S., Li, H., Xu, Y., et al. In plants, the de novo synthesis of FAs occurs first in the plastid, with acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) catalyzing the biosynthesis of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA. Acer truncatum seed oil ameliorated cognitive deficits of aging mice. (2016). The resulting FAs were analyzed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method as described by Jiao et al. A. truncatum is rich in oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2), which account for 20.93% and 30.21% of its seed oil, respectively. Aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) of oil from Acer truncatum Bunge seed kernel was investigated. In general, the regulatory mechanism of FA metabolism is complicated and may need several TFs to work together. WebAbout acer truncatum bunge seed oil: Discover the amazing benefits of mother natures healing and therapeutic touch by scrolling through our itinerary of acer truncatum bunge seed oil and live a healthy life. Cell. doi: 10.1038/nature08221, He, K., Nie, L., Zhou, Q., Rahman, S. U., Liu, J., Yang, X., et al. & Hou, X.G. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.011, Bitto, A., Ito, T. K., Pineda, V. V., LeTexier, N. J., Huang, H. Z., Sutlief, E., et al. The proteins in the cluster 2 (n = 54) were up-regulated in the aging control mice compared to the young control, while the oil treatment had no influence on their expressions. The clean reads were submitted to the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under study accession number SRS5367121 and biosample accession number SAMN12389479. A total of 3069, 3288, 1319, and 5724 upregulated genes and 2636, 3438, 2750, and 5815 downregulated genes were identified when 85 DAF seeds were compared with seeds from successive later time points (Supplemental Fig. 2003 Study on the physico-chemical properties and fatty acid composition of Acer truncatum Buge oil China Oils Fats 28 66 67 (in Chinese), doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1003-7969.2003.03.021, Liu, Y.L., Huang, Z.D., Ao, Y., Li, W. & Zhang, Z.X. The increased expression of C1q in the prefrontal cortex of adult offspring after maternal immune activation was prevented by activation of TrkB (Han et al., 2017). Acer truncatum seed oil is composed mainly of triacylglycerols (TAGs), with approximately 90% unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), -linolenic acid (C18:3), and nervonic acid (C24:1) [ 3, 4, 5 ]. The slices were stained with hematoxylin for 5 min, rinsed with tap water to remove excess staining solution for 10 min, and then washed again with distilled water. The oil synthesis pathway in A. truncatum was constructed based on the results of the present and previous studies (Liao et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2019). Neurosci. 20 3091 doi: 10.3390/ijms20123091, Liu, X.Y., Fu, H. & Chen, Y.H. FAD2 and FAD3 exhibited higher expressions than the other FAD genes (Figs. WebAcer truncatum, the Shantung maple, [2] Shandong maple, or purpleblow maple, is a maple native to northern China, in the provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, and to Korea. Six FADs were identified and differentially expressed at different stages of seed development (Fig. 14 1554467 doi: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1554467, Hu, P., Xu, X. We also performed the MCODE analysis for the proteins in the cluster 3, which involved in three modules: complement and coagulation cascades, inflammatory response pathway and innate immune response (Figure 3C). Fifteen-month old male C57/BL6 mice, which obtained from the Jiangsu Experimental Animals (Jiangsu, China) were reared to 20 months old. Previous studies have demonstrated that the accumulation of C18:2 is correlated with the expression of FAD2/FAD6, whereas FAD3/FAD7/FAD8 expression contributes to the synthesis of C18:3 (Wang et al., 2019; Yin et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2019). Some studies have reported that C18:1-ACP is catalyzed by SAD from C18:0-ACP (Liao et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2019). WebProduct NameAcer truncatum seed oilPurity98%SourceAcer truncatum seedAppearanceLight yellow liquid oilStandardGBFunctionAcer truncatum seed oil has strong antioxidant property. In general, the qRT-PCR results for oil biosynthesis genes, except SAD3 and FAD6, displayed a high degree of consistency with the RNA-seq results. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys multiple comparison tests. The Biology of Aging and Cancer: frailty. Plant. Lipoic acid restores age-associated impairment of brain energy metabolism through the modulation of Akt/JNK signaling and PGC1alpha transcriptional pathway. 23, 201205. In this study, nine GPAT genes were identified, but most of them were barely expressed; only two were relatively highly expressed during seed development. Moreover, the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- were rescued by acer truncatum seed oil administration. ), or their login data. Mol. Nat. Fungal endophytes can colonize healthy plant tissues without causing external disease symptoms in standing trees. During the testing phase, the aging control mice took longer time to reach the site where the platform placed in the training phase (Figure 1B), and showed a significant decrease in the number of crossing the platform than the young control (Figure 1C). Rev. 2019 Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals an efficient mechanism for -linolenic acid synthesis in tree peony seeds Intl. These findings suggest that acer truncatum seed oil holds a promise as a therapeutic food supplement for delaying aging with multiple mechanisms. PLoS Med. All the animals were provided with adequate food and water, and kept in a standard environment with temperature (22 2C) and a 12 h light-dark cycle. Acer Truncatum Seed Oil Alleviates Learning and Memory Impairments of Aging Mice. In the present study, we found that acer truncatum seed oil improved learning and memory of aging mice, with multiple mechanisms including activation of BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway, up-regulated postsynaptic related proteins expression, and down-regulated inflammatory factors mRNA level. WebProduct NameAcer truncatum seed oilPurity98%SourceAcer truncatum seedAppearanceLight yellow liquid oilStandardGBFunctionAcer truncatum seed oil has strong antioxidant property. Soc. 56 147 150 doi: 10.1007/s00226-006-0085-6, Wu, Q.K., Cao, Y., Chen, C., Gao, Z. Inflammaging and Anti-Inflammaging: the Role of Cytokines in Extreme Longevity. Moreover, DNA damages including somatic mutations, copy number variations and chromosomal aneuploidies have been found to be connected with aging (Faggioli et al., 2012; Forsberg et al., 2012; Moskalev et al., 2013). XL and TL designed and performed most of the experiments. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.047, van der Heide, L. P., Ramakers, G. M., and Smidt, M. P. (2006). The results showed that ribosome processing and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathways were mainly enriched in the 100 DAF sample, when seeds were rapidly developing. Exp. The levels of synapse-related proteins PSD95, NMDAR1, and GluA1 were decreased in the 20-month-old (20M-Ctrl) mice compared with the 2-month-old (2M-Ctrl) mice, while oil administration reversed the protein levels in aging mice, measured by western blotting (A), and quantitative analyses (BF). 47, D1211D1217. 2018 Comparative transcriptome analysis two genotypes of Acer truncatum Bunge seeds reveals candidate genes that influences seed VLCFAs accumulation Sci. As a food supplement, the acer truncatum seed oil may play a positive role in anti-aging. Inflamm., Immun. Med. Neurobiol. Metab. Only a few FAS inhibitors have been reported. Acer truncatum, an ornamental, medicinal, and edible plant, is a tree endemic to China and now widely cultivated throughout Asia, North America, and Europe. 3). The location and behavior of alpha-tocopherol in membranes. Aging Cell 15, 872884. Cell 153, 11941217. 64, 111126. These results clearly indicate that acer truncatum seed oil treatment improved cognitive abilities of aging mice. TFs have important roles in transcription and can modulate gene expression as regulators (Riechmann et al., 2000). It can adjust the immune system andincrease NK cell activity, improve the dual role of cellular immunity and humoral immunity and enhance Biogerontology 20, 763782. Proteomic profiles of the hippocampus in acer truncatum seed oil treated aging mice. doi: 10.1016/0169-328x(96)00098-8, Atkinson, J., Harroun, T., Wassall, S. R., Stillwell, W., and Katsaras, J. (301) 384-6300 WebAcer truncatum Bunge seed oil (ASO) is rich in -9 (53.93%) and -6 (30.7%) fatty acids (FAs) and characterized by 3-7% nervonic acid (NA, C24:1-9). Commun. doi: 10.1007/s10522-008-9154-6, Joubert, C., and Chainay, H. (2018). These results suggest that BDNF signaling pathway may play an important role in the mechanisms of the oil administration improving learning and memory in aging mice. Evid. WebAqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) of oil from Acer truncatum Bunge seed kernel was investigated. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (Ma et al., 2019). The healthspan in mice was increased by sirtuin-activating compounds (STACs) (Bonkowski and Sinclair, 2016), but the clinical trials of SRT1720 (an early synthetic STAC) and resveratrol (a natural STAC) were failed, which was attributed to low bioavailability and potency (Dai et al., 2018). It remained a challenge to find effective drugs for the prevention and amelioration of aging. Acer truncatum seed oil increased expression of synapse-related proteins in aging mice. SAT exhibited significant in vitro radical scavenging activity. Cell Dev. Three biological replicates (nested with three technical replicates) are represented by the error bars. , spleen, kidney, and Vtdb, etc research related to aging is still a small field relative the. Reared to 20 months old, 2011 ) and amelioration of aging mice with oil treatment or not, M.... During the four comparisons with the internal reference gene Actin ( Wang et al. 2018. Higher expressions than the other FAD genes ( Figs submitted to the Sequence Read Archive ( SRA ) study... The electron microscopy images of oil from acer truncatum Bunge seed kernel was investigated increased expression of acer truncatum seed oil proteins aging. 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Six FADs were identified and differentially expressed at different stages of seed development (Fig. 14 1554467 doi: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1554467, Hu, P., Xu, X. 
We also performed the MCODE analysis for the proteins in the cluster 3, which involved in three modules: complement and coagulation cascades, inflammatory response pathway and innate immune response (Figure 3C). Fifteen-month old male C57/BL6 mice, which obtained from the Jiangsu Experimental Animals (Jiangsu, China) were reared to 20 months old. Previous studies have demonstrated that the accumulation of C18:2 is correlated with the expression of FAD2/FAD6, whereas FAD3/FAD7/FAD8 expression contributes to the synthesis of C18:3 (Wang et al., 2019; Yin et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2019). Some studies have reported that C18:1-ACP is catalyzed by SAD from C18:0-ACP (Liao et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2019). WebProduct NameAcer truncatum seed oilPurity98%SourceAcer truncatum seedAppearanceLight yellow liquid oilStandardGBFunctionAcer truncatum seed oil has strong antioxidant property. 
In general, the qRT-PCR results for oil biosynthesis genes, except SAD3 and FAD6, displayed a high degree of consistency with the RNA-seq results. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys multiple comparison tests. The Biology of Aging and Cancer: frailty. Plant. Lipoic acid restores age-associated impairment of brain energy metabolism through the modulation of Akt/JNK signaling and PGC1alpha transcriptional pathway. 23, 201205. In this study, nine GPAT genes were identified, but most of them were barely expressed; only two were relatively highly expressed during seed development. Moreover, the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- were rescued by acer truncatum seed oil administration. ), or their login data. Mol. Nat. Fungal endophytes can colonize healthy plant tissues without causing external disease symptoms in standing trees. During the testing phase, the aging control mice took longer time to reach the site where the platform placed in the training phase (Figure 1B), and showed a significant decrease in the number of crossing the platform than the young control (Figure 1C). Rev. 2019 Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals an efficient mechanism for -linolenic acid synthesis in tree peony seeds Intl. These findings suggest that acer truncatum seed oil holds a promise as a therapeutic food supplement for delaying aging with multiple mechanisms. PLoS Med. All the animals were provided with adequate food and water, and kept in a standard environment with temperature (22 2C) and a 12 h light-dark cycle. Acer Truncatum Seed Oil Alleviates Learning and Memory Impairments of Aging Mice. In the present study, we found that acer truncatum seed oil improved learning and memory of aging mice, with multiple mechanisms including activation of BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway, up-regulated postsynaptic related proteins expression, and down-regulated inflammatory factors mRNA level. WebProduct NameAcer truncatum seed oilPurity98%SourceAcer truncatum seedAppearanceLight yellow liquid oilStandardGBFunctionAcer truncatum seed oil has strong antioxidant property. Soc. 56 147 150 doi: 10.1007/s00226-006-0085-6, Wu, Q.K., Cao, Y., Chen, C., Gao, Z. Inflammaging and Anti-Inflammaging: the Role of Cytokines in Extreme Longevity. Moreover, DNA damages including somatic mutations, copy number variations and chromosomal aneuploidies have been found to be connected with aging (Faggioli et al., 2012; Forsberg et al., 2012; Moskalev et al., 2013). XL and TL designed and performed most of the experiments. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.047, van der Heide, L. P., Ramakers, G. M., and Smidt, M. P. (2006). The results showed that ribosome processing and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathways were mainly enriched in the 100 DAF sample, when seeds were rapidly developing. Exp. The levels of synapse-related proteins PSD95, NMDAR1, and GluA1 were decreased in the 20-month-old (20M-Ctrl) mice compared with the 2-month-old (2M-Ctrl) mice, while oil administration reversed the protein levels in aging mice, measured by western blotting (A), and quantitative analyses (BF). 47, D1211D1217. 2018 Comparative transcriptome analysis two genotypes of Acer truncatum Bunge seeds reveals candidate genes that influences seed VLCFAs accumulation Sci. As a food supplement, the acer truncatum seed oil may play a positive role in anti-aging. Inflamm., Immun. Med. Neurobiol. Metab. Only a few FAS inhibitors have been reported. Acer truncatum, an ornamental, medicinal, and edible plant, is a tree endemic to China and now widely cultivated throughout Asia, North America, and Europe. 3). The location and behavior of alpha-tocopherol in membranes. Aging Cell 15, 872884. Cell 153, 11941217. 64, 111126. These results clearly indicate that acer truncatum seed oil treatment improved cognitive abilities of aging mice. TFs have important roles in transcription and can modulate gene expression as regulators (Riechmann et al., 2000). It can adjust the immune system andincrease NK cell activity, improve the dual role of cellular immunity and humoral immunity and enhance Biogerontology 20, 763782. Proteomic profiles of the hippocampus in acer truncatum seed oil treated aging mice. doi: 10.1016/0169-328x(96)00098-8, Atkinson, J., Harroun, T., Wassall, S. R., Stillwell, W., and Katsaras, J. (301) 384-6300 WebAcer truncatum Bunge seed oil (ASO) is rich in -9 (53.93%) and -6 (30.7%) fatty acids (FAs) and characterized by 3-7% nervonic acid (NA, C24:1-9). 
Commun. doi: 10.1007/s10522-008-9154-6, Joubert, C., and Chainay, H. (2018). These results suggest that BDNF signaling pathway may play an important role in the mechanisms of the oil administration improving learning and memory in aging mice. Evid. WebAqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) of oil from Acer truncatum Bunge seed kernel was investigated. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (Ma et al., 2019). The healthspan in mice was increased by sirtuin-activating compounds (STACs) (Bonkowski and Sinclair, 2016), but the clinical trials of SRT1720 (an early synthetic STAC) and resveratrol (a natural STAC) were failed, which was attributed to low bioavailability and potency (Dai et al., 2018). It remained a challenge to find effective drugs for the prevention and amelioration of aging. Acer truncatum seed oil increased expression of synapse-related proteins in aging mice. SAT exhibited significant in vitro radical scavenging activity. 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